Recommended Dosage Levels of Crosslinking Peroxides
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Crosslinking Peroxides
Recommended Dosage Levels of Peroxides in Various Polymers


Peroxide additions for the crosslinking of different types of synthetic rubbers and polyolefins are tabulated below.
Satisfactory mechanical properties can be obtained at the lowest peroxide dosing levels.
Compression set properties improve with higher peroxide amounts. The highest values listed should not be surpassed, otherwise other mechanical properties will decrease. However, higher peroxide levels are necessary when the compound contains free-radical consuming materials, such as sulfur, certain antioxidants and non-paraffinic mineral extender oils. 
Whereas crosslink density is affected by the amount of peroxide, the rate of crosslinking is mainly determined by the temperature.
Very short crosslink times can be achieved by raising the temperature to approximately 40ºC above the temperature mentioned. Because of the excellent plateau effect of peroxide crosslinking, no reversion will be observed.  

Polymer

Trigonox
29-40

Trigonox
17-40

Perkadox
BC-40

Perkadox
14-40

Trigonox
101-45

  (Parts of peroxide per 100 parts of polymer)

Safe processing  temperature
Typical crosslink  temperature

115

145
125

160
130

170
135

175
135

175
           
NR; IR
BR
CR
2.3 -  4.5
1.0 -  2.1
1.1 -  3.0
2.5 -  5.0
1.1 -  2.3
1.3 -  3.3
2.0 -  4.1
0.9 -  1.9
1.0 -  2.7
1.3 - 2.5
0.5 - 1.2
0.6 - 1.7
1.9 - 3.9
0.8 - 1.8
1.0 - 2.6
           
SBR
NBR
HNBR
1.9 -  4.1
2.6 -  4.5
6.8 -11.3
2.1 -  4.6
2.9 -  5.0
7.5 -12.5
1.7 -  3.7
2.4 -  4.1
6.1 -10.1
1.1 - 2.3
1.5 - 2.5
3.8 - 6.3
1.6 - 2.5
2.3 - 3.9
3.3 - 5.4
           
AU (ester type)
EPM; EPDM
PE
5.3 -  9.1
6.8 -11.3
1.5 -  7.6
5.8 -10.0
7.5 -12.5
1.7 -  8.4
4.7 -  8.1
6.1 -10.1
1.4 -  6.8
3.0 - 5.1
3.8 - 6.3
0.8  -4.2
4.5 - 7.7
5.8 - 9.7
1.3 - 6.4
           
CM *
EVA
Q
**
6.8 -10.6
2.6 -  5.3
7.5 -11.7
2.9 -  5.8
6.1 -  9.5
2.4 -  4.7
1.0 -  2.0
3.8 - 5.9
1.5 - 3.0
0.4 - 0.8
5.8 - 9.0
2.3 - 4.5
1.0 - 1.9

*  Addition of a coagent is recommended.
** Silicone rubber can also be crosslinked with Perkadox PD-50, Perkadox L.-50 and Perkadox PM-50. Required amounts of peroxide 1.1 - 2.3 phr, 0.7 - 1.4 phr and 1.1 - 2.3 phr, typical crosslink temperatures 90°C, 105°C and 110°C, and safe processing temperatures 65°C, 85°C and 85°C, respectively.

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